TIME person of year runner up: Chinese workers

http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1946375_1947252_1947256,00.html

The Chinese Worker

In China they have a word for it. baoba means “protect eight,” the 8% annual economic growth rate that officials believe is critical to ensuring social stability. A year ago, many thought hitting such a figure in 2009 was a pipe dream. But China has done it, and this year it remains the world’s fastest-growing major economy — and an economic stimulus for everyone else. Who deserves the credit? Above all, the tens of millions of workers who have left their homes, and often their families, to find work in the factories of China’s booming coastal cities — in plants like the Shenzhen Guangke Technology Co.’s, just outside Hong Kong, which sits amid a jumble of snack stands, cheap clothing stalls and old men dragging carts filled with candy to sell to workers on their day off. Near the factory we found some of the people who are leading the world to economic recovery: Chinese men and women, their struggles in the past, their thoughts on the present and their eyes on the future.

— with reporting by Jessie Jiang / Shenzhen

Read more: http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1946375_1947252_1947256,00.html#ixzz0ZrrLekLT

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CNN article on Linfen, China

http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/12/15/china.pollution/index.html

Choking in China’s polluted city

By Emily Chang, CNN
December 16, 2009 — Updated 0207 GMT (1007 HKT)

Linfen, China (CNN) — On the road into Linfen, the cars seem to disappear into dense smog that clings to vanishing buildings.

The sun shines through a murky haze, if at all. The smells of industry are pungent. Just a few minutes outside and your eyes start to sting, your throat starts to hurt. You may feel dizzy or nauseous.

For visitors it can be unbearable. For residents, this is life — breathing the consequences of China’s long march toward economic prosperity.

In 2006, the World Bank dubbed Linfen the most polluted city in the world. No similar list has been compiled since then. But no matter where it may rank now, problems remain.

As top Chinese negotiators argue on China’s behalf at the Copenhagen climate change summit, Linfen is back in the world spotlight.

The town lies in the heart of China’s coal country in Shanxi province. It is home to the engines of industrial growth — hundreds of coal mines, coking plants, iron and steel mills.

Video: Tackling China’s pollution

China’s coal heartland

Farmer Xue Chunlong tends his sheep in the shadow of chimneys belching out plumes of smoke. “When the sheep eat the grass near the factory, their babies are born with birth defects,” he said.

Xue, 78, lives in a home he built in Linfen four decades ago, long before big factories moved in. “Nobody cares about us now,” he said.

But according to the local government, Linfen is not a neglected town, rather a success story in China’s fight against pollution.

“Linfen is no longer the most polluted city in the world,” said Yang Zhaofeng, of the city’s Environmental Protection Bureau. “Our current environment is suitable for human inhabitance, but we will continue to make efforts.”

In an effort to rid the city of its high-polluting reputation, the government has implemented the “Blue Skies, Green Water” project over the last few years. In that time, Yang said the city has shut down hundreds of mines and factories, especially small enterprises.

According to state statistics, the closures depleted Linfen’s 2007 GDP by almost $300 million.

In all of Shanxi province, the government has shut down iron and steel mills with a total production capacity of 38.93 million tons, cement factories with a capacity of 15.86 million tons; and cut coke production by 70 million tons, according to state-run media. Thousands of coal mines have also been closed, and the state says 1,500 more will be shut down by the end of 2010.

The factories that remain open are held to stricter environmental standards, including Linfen Zhongtai Metals, a steel mill on the outskirts of town.

Factory boss Li Zhiguo says he spent almost $2 million outfitting the mill with new technology to help reduce pollutants, including equipment that removes sulfur and other pollutants from gas that is released into the air.

“This is a real-time monitoring system that the government uses to check our emissions,” said Li, pointing to a giant frame built up around a massive chimney.

Farmer Xue Chunlong said many residents have adapted.

“We’re used to it,” said Xue. “Anyway, there aren’t as many factories around here now.”

He even said living in one of China’s industrial hubs has its advantages.

“The steel mill provides jobs,” including employment for his son, he said. “People have work, they have money.”

Other residents are quick to say the pollution isn’t as bad as it once was.

“It’s much better than it was before,” said a woman selling balloons on the street, as the smog loomed overhead.

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CNN article on internet censorship in China

http://edition.cnn.com/2009/BUSINESS/12/15/china.internet.crackdown.ft/index.html

(FT) — China has banned individuals from registering internet domain names and launched a review of millions of existing personal websites in the toughest government censorship drive so far on the internet.

As of Monday, people applying to register a domain name in China must present a company chop and a business licence, the China Internet Network Information Center, a government-backed body, said in a statement.

Internet service providers said they had started to review their client base for potentially fraudulent or “harmful” individually owned sites. The term “harmful” is often used by the government as a catch-all that covers everything from pornography to anti-state activity.

As with many other issues considered sensitive by the government, individual domain name ownership has always been a legal grey area in China.

The government considered twice over the past 10 years whether to explicitly allow personal websites but with no result. So far, however, individuals could simply sign up for domain name ownership on the web. This has now been replaced by the stricter application process outlined in the CNNIC notice.

Individuals are estimated to account for the majority of all registered domain names globally. But China does not disclose domain name statistics by ownership category. According to CNNIC, China had 16.3m domain names as of June this year, 80 per cent of which have the ending “.cn”. The rest use “.org”, “.net” or “.com”.

The move follows a string of other measures to crack down on internet and media content as the government is showing signs of increasing unease, especially over user-generated internet content, which it struggles to control.

Beijing controls the internet through a sophisticated multi-layered system, which includes surveillance on all levels of government but also relies heavily on portals and other sites hosting content to censor on its behalf. This system has been increasingly strained by the fast rise of social media dominated by user-generated content.

Last week, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television closed down a number of video sharing websites, citing copyright violations and lewd content. In the same week, the government said more than 3,000 people had been arrested nationwide for alleged involvement in posting pornographic content on the internet.

Earlier this year, the authorities blocked a number of social media sites, including YouTube, Facebook and Twitter and some of their local clones.

This comes against the background of a broader tightening in the political climate as the country has seen a rise in social unrest, some of which was allegedly organised or promoted through the internet, peaking in ethnic riots in July in Xinjiang that killed almost 200 people, according to the government.

Hu Shuli, the founder and editor of Caijing, China’s most freewheeling news magazine, quit last month following a spat with the magazine’s publisher over commercial strategy and censorship. Last week, the editor of Southern Weekend, another independent publication, was demoted after censors expressed dissatisfaction with a story speculating about personnel changes in the Communist party.

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Really cool blog I found

Was on the Google and found a funny blog on this cool site: http://www.lostlaowai.com/blog/china-expat-advice/why-do-foreigners-in-china-drink-so-much/#comment-15006

On a recent Friday evening, at a promotional party organized by a foreign-managed bar, a very drunk foreign man accidentally dropped a very drunk Chinese woman whom had been sitting on his shoulders. She fell backwards, hit her head on the pavement, fell unconscious, and was ultimately hospitalized with a serious concussion.

The event sparked a heated forum exchange on GoKunming, the city’s popular English-language blog. (Full disclosure: I once wrote for GoKunming, know the principals in the incident slightly, and was even at the bar for awhile that evening. Yeah, Kunming is that small.) Some foreigners were outraged that anyone could be so drunk and irresponsible. Others defended the guy, noting that virtually all of us have done stupid things when drunk at least once in our lives. Eventually, the site administrator closed the forum thread.

Reading through it this morning simply underscored something I’ve been meaning to write about for a long time. Man, foreigners do drink a lot in China. By any reasonable definition a healthy chunk of foreigners that I have known in my five years in this country were either alcoholics or heavy drinkers. Perhaps this says more about me than about foreigners in general, but at the risk of ruffling anyone’s feathers I’d wager that a quite a few of you could say the same about your laowai friends and acquaintances.

Understanding why isn’t terribly hard. Most expats in China are young, and young people tend to drink more than old people. Most expats seem to be men, and men tend to drink more than women. Most expats are childless, and as anyone with children can tell you, your heavy-drinking outings become much less frequent once little ones enter your life.

Alcohol is relatively cheap in China and is easily available. China has a macho drinking culture, where binge drinking at banquets is the norm. Public drunkenness in China isn’t necessarily frowned upon as much as it might be back at home.

Many foreigners who teach English or study Chinese have a lot of free time and can afford to be hungover. In many smaller cities a bar is the only real cultural activity available to non-Chinese speaking foreigners. Many foreigners also find China an overwhelming experience at first and use drinking as a means of escape.

I could go on, but you get the point. And it’s little surprise with this much drinking going on, an incident like the one mentioned above could happen.

I’m the last man to argue for temperance, and those of you who know me personally probably find it amusing I’m writing this at all. But seriously- all of us know good men and women ruined by the bottle. Not to spoil the party, but it’s certainly worth keeping an eye on people who are in danger of becoming “lost laowai” in the worst sense of the term.

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You get what you pay for

http://chineseculture.about.com/

You get what you pay for

Friday October 23, 2009

The Chinese saying is 一分钱一分货, “yi fen qian, yi fen huo” (pronounced ee fen chee-ahn, ee fen hoo-oh). This translates literally to one cent gives you one cent’s worth of merchandise. Makes sense, right?

There’s a whole industry of fake goods in China that lots of visitors to China go wild for when they arrive but there’s a healthy local market for them as well. It goes beyond pirated DVDs and fake Gucci bags (those are the ones the tourists buy). Very few locals will spend money on legal copies of software when copies of everything from Microsoft Windows and Adobe Photoshop are available for install at every cybermarket. There are smart phones on the market that look like iPhones, operate like iPhones and smell like iPhones for a fraction of the cost (just don’t drop it, it will likely shatter and don’t expect and after-sale warranties on fake goods).

As a travel writer, I get asked frequently where to buy the fake goods. The answer is easy to give: every large market in China sells fake products – be it eyeglasses, watches, bags, shoes, clothing or electronics. But I remind visitors that you get what you pay for. People are often surprised when they get home and their watch doesn’t work anymore or their sunglasses don’t actually offer any UV protection whatsoever. The best example comes from my poor husband who bought a “leather” briefcase at the old Xiangyang Market (Shanghai’s famous fake market that’s now been closed and moved). To his credit, he needed a new bag for an upcoming business trip. We lived close by the market so it seemed like a quick and easy option. After an important meeting in Frankfurt, he closed the meeting, grabbed his bag and left the room – with just the handle in hand.

You get what you pay for. If you come to China and do some shopping, it will be tempting to sample some of these fake goods. But don’t pay too much money for them and don’t forget, yi fen qian, yi fen huo.

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Human Flesh Search Engine

http://chineseculture.about.com/

The Human Flesh Search Engine phenomenon in China

Tuesday October 27, 2009
The renrou (“ren row”, 人肉) or human flesh search engine has been at it again. Today the Shanghai Daily reported that after angry netizens (wangmin or 网民) viewed a video posted of a girl beating up another girl at school, 300 of them descended on the school demanding the girl be punished.After the video was posted online, angry viewers figured out who the perpetrator was and then posted her personal information including her home address and her father’s cell phone number. The crowd dispersed from the school after speaking to the principal. School authorities are looking into the beating “before deciding on punishment”.

It’s frightening to think what an angry mob could do if a video were doctored or folks target the wrong person in their search for justice. But this cyber posse phenomenon, dubbed in Chinese “the human flesh search engine”, can also be used for good purposes. Interested netizens help people find lost relatives and kidnapped children. I posted a story in August about an adopted boy in the US whose adoptive mother used the internet and the help of Chinese netizens to find her son’s birth family.

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Silk Road

 

http://www.travelchinaguide.com/silk-road/

Silk Road Map

The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean. Because silk comprised a large proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was named ‘the Silk Road’ by Ferdinand von Richthofen, an eminent German geographer.

 Culture: The Silk Road is not only an ancient international trade route, but also a splendid cultural bridge liking the cultures of China, India, Persia, Arabia, Greek and Rome. The Four Great Inventions of China and religions of the West were introduced into their counterparts. 

Xian Terracotta Warriors
Xian Terracotta Warriors

 

 History: From the time Zhang Qian opened up the world-famous Silk Road during the Han Dynasty, until the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty, it enjoyed a history of about 1,600 years.

Route: This ancient road begins at Chang’an (now Xian), then by way of the Hexi Corridor, and it reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern Route, Central Route and Northern Route. The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and then they extend as far as India and Rome. 

Other Silk Roads: In fact, besides the Silk Road in the northwest of China, there are another two trade roads in the southwest of China and by sea, which also contributed greatly to the development of the world. They are called the “Southern Silk Road” and the “Silk Road on the Sea“.

Scenery along the Road: The scenery and sights along the Silk Road are spectacular and intriguing. There are well-known Mogao Caves (Mogao Grottoes) in Dunhuang, the bustling Sunday Bazaar in Kashgar and exotic customs in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and more …

Crescent Moon Spring
Crescent Moon Spring

 

Silk Road Adventure: There are all kinds of tour plans for traveling the world-famous Silk Road. TravelChinaGuide provides many tour lines for visitors to experience the adventures of this ancient trade road.

Recommended Silk Road Tours:
Classical Silkroad Tour: 14 Days Beijing-Urumqi-Kashgar-Urumqi-Turpan-Dunhuang-Xian-Shanghai
In-depth Adventure: 22 Days Beijing-Urumqi-Korla-Kuqa-Aksu-Kashgar-Hetian-Minfeng-Korla-Turpan-Dunhuang-Xian-Shanghai

Tips: It is necessary for tourists be aware of some travel essentials when they are on the Silk Road, such as weather, food, drink, accommodation, transportation and customs of minorities. Here provides detailed information about them.

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BBC article on China’s one-child policy

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7000931.stm

In the first of a series of pieces on China’s one-child policy, the BBC’s Michael Bristow looks at whether the country’s controversial regulations are working.

 

Chinese child
Some parents in China are happy with one child

China’s family planning policy has prevented 400 million births, officials say.

Since the regulations were introduced in 1978, China has kept its population in check using persuasion, coercion and encouragement.

And it looks likely that, nearly 30 years after the policy was first introduced, it will not be relaxed to allow couples to have more children.

Many Chinese and foreign academics believe this is a mistake and will result in a number of serious demographic problems in the future.

At a press conference earlier this year, Chinese officials were keen to declare the controversial policy a success.

“Because China has worked hard over the last 30 years, we have 400 million fewer people,” said Zhang Weiqing, minister in charge of the National Population and Family Planning Commission.

“Compared with the world’s other developing countries with large populations, we have realised this transformation half a century ahead of time.”

A team of independent Chinese and foreign academics, who this year completed what they say is the first systematic examination of the policy, agree that China has managed to limit its population growth.

But team leader Wang Feng, of the University of California, Irvine, says this reduction is mainly due to a fall in the fertility rate in the 1970s, rather than any more recent initiatives.

 

It wouldn’t matter what my financial situation was or what the government regulations were, I’d still only want one child
Zhao Hui, mother

During the 1970s, China began encouraging delayed marriages, longer intervals between births and fewer children.

“The total fertility rate – the number of children a woman is expected to have in her lifetime – was reduced from over five to slightly over two,” Prof Wang says.

All this happened before the current family planning policy was introduced in 1978.

‘Too busy’

The fall in fertility rates is also, at least partly, due to improving social and economic circumstances.

In other East Asian countries, such as Thailand and South Korea, modernisation has led to women having fewer children, and yet these countries do not have strict family planning policies.

 

Graphic

But Professor Wang does admit that China’s family planning policies since 1978 have helped reduce the fertility rate further and contributed to a change in attitudes.

“A lot of people simply don’t want that many children. People have accepted the policy,” he says.

This is particularly true in urban areas, where most couples interviewed by the BBC say they are happy with just one child.

Beijing mother-of-one Zhao Hui, who has a four-year-old daughter called Zhang Jin’ao, says she has never wanted more than one child.

“One child is enough. I’m too busy at work to have any more,” says the 38-year-old, who works in the housing sector.

“It wouldn’t matter what my financial situation was or what the government regulations were, I’d still only want one child,” she adds.

Most of her friends, she says, think the same way.

Forced abortions

But there is a more sinister aspect to this policy, which is sometimes employed to make women less willing than Ms Zhao accept the rules.

Activist Chen Guangcheng was sent to prison last year for exposing what he says were over-zealous health workers in Linyi city, Shandong Province.

 

Chinese children
China has rejected calls to change its one-child policy

He says they illegally forced women to have late-term abortions and be sterilised.

China also faces profound and widespread demographic problems because of its family planning rules, according to some.

Chinese officials say the current fertility rate is between 1.7 and 1.8 births per woman, well below the 2.1 births needed to keep the population at a stable level.

Overseas experts dispute this figure; they say the fertility rate is even lower and stands at 1.5.

This will result in an increasing proportion of older people, a smaller workforce to look after them and a disproportionate number of boys to girls.

There are other problems too. China might have restricted its population growth, but this has not always helped solve wider problems, as was envisaged when the policy was first introduced in 1978.

Reducing the number of people, for example, does not automatically help the environment, as China has found.

Prof Wang says the policy needs to be relaxed if China is to solve some of these problems.

There are at least a few people inside China who agree with that assessment.

During this year’s parliamentary session in March, 29 members of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, a government advisory body, suggested allowing couples to have two children.

But that suggestion will probably fall on deaf ears, at least until the end of the government’s current five-year plan, which ends in 2010.

At the press conference earlier this year, Minister Zhang said there was not the “slightest doubt” about the need to continue with the policy.

China might face serious consequences because of that attitude in the not-too-distant future.

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BBC article on ‘China’s Child Snatchers’

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8383424.stm

Over 2,000 trafficked children have been rescued since China’s government began a crackdown on the trade in stolen children earlier this year.

But as the BBC’s Damian Grammaticas reports from Beijing, many thousands of children are being snatched off the streets to be sold every year and most are never recovered.

The footage from the CCTV security camera is soft and blurred, but a man can be seen walking down a street carrying a child away in the night.

He glances over his shoulder, wary. This is a child kidnapper in the act of committing his crime.

The man has snatched the boy off the street in Dongguan in southern China where he was playing.

Another camera films the abductor as he gets tired, pauses, puts the boy down, then picks him up and sets off again.

His air is unhurried. There are many passersby, but nobody questions him.

There are thousands of cases like this in China every year – children, often boys, stolen to be sold for profit.

Detective work

In another case a camera mounted in a bus station catches a man luring a boy into his trap.

The man is sitting, holding a baby turtle in his hand.

When my son came back, everything suddenly became clear, and it filled my heart with joy
Luo Run’s father Luo An Xin

A young boy comes up to him, his sister by his side, to look at the animal. But it is the boy, three-and-a-half-year-old Luo Run, who is the target, not the girl.

He was abducted and spirited hundreds of miles away by a gang of traffickers.

In Luo Run’s case the police were able to identify the man who snatched him.

Trailing the gang took them to the mountains of southern Fujian province.

There, posing as buyers looking for a child, detectives arranged a meeting with the so-called snakehead, the gangster who had sold the boy on.

A mother is reunited with her stolen son
More than a dozen children were rescued along with Luo Run

The demand for children is driven by a deep-seated preference in southern China for sons, boys to keep the family name alive who have a duty to care for aged parents.

And some parents are prepared to buy a stolen child if they can not have a boy of their own.

It is thought China’s One Child Policy exacerbates the problem. Couples the law applies to who have a girl first cannot then legally have another child, so many turn to the traffickers to procure a boy.

Arresting the snakehead who had sold Luo Run led detectives to trace and free not only him, but also more than a dozen children, all of whom had been stolen and traded to families in the area.

The children were all taken back to Guangdong province where they had come from and were reunited with their parents.

Mothers sobbed as they hugged the children they had lost, the terrible uncertainty of not knowing if they were alive or dead finally at an end.

Abductions rising

Luo Run’s parents are poor migrant labourers who live in a tiny flat in a workers’ block in Guangzhou.

They say their son ended up with a well-off elderly couple who were desperate for a son of their own and showered the boy with toys. When he was rescued it took him days to accept his real parents again. Now they never let him out of their sight.

Lou Run and his father Luo An Xin
Lou Run’s parents do not let him out of their sight now

“When my son went missing, it was like my heart was being cut into pieces. It was the darkest time of my life, words cannot describe it,” Luo Run’s father Luo An Xin says.

“When my son came back, everything suddenly became clear, and it filled my heart with joy.”

Happy as it is, Luo Run’s rescue is an exception.

Nobody knows how many children are being kidnapped every year. But parents say it is thousands, and most are never recovered.

Even China’s Supreme People’s Court has said the numbers of stolen children are rising.

This week it sentenced two men to death for kidnapping and trading 15 children. It may be a sign that China’s government wants to send a signal that it is cracking down on the trade.

Desperate search

On the streets of southern China’s teeming factory towns the children of migrant labourers, playing unsupervised, are easy prey for the traffickers.

Two thousand stolen children have been recovered by Chinese police in a special operation launched this year, but often China’s authorities can be callous in their response to the problem.

Some parents say local officials often do not want to deal with cases of stolen children. They say they have been warned to keep quiet and not campaign publicly to find their children lest they disturb social order.

Le Le's father Peng Gaofeng
Peng Gaofeng has been searching China for his abducted son Le Le

Peng Gaofeng’s two-year-old son

 Le Le was abducted right outside his shop. Le Le was a cheeky, vivacious boy, doted on by his parents.

Security camera footage shows a man walking away holding the boy. But it is too blurred to show the face of the man.

Peng Gaofeng agrees to meet us, but only discreetly in a local restaurant.

He has travelled across southern China looking for his son. He has put up posters and been on television.

But since he began his public campaign to find Le Le and other children, he says he has been monitored by police and warned against making too much fuss.

“If there were just one or two cases it would be a minor thing for the police. But there are thousands of us who’ve lost our kids. It’s a massive issue,” Peng Gaofeng says.

“By campaigning openly we undermine the image the government wants to project that this is a harmonious society.”

For some officials finding Peng Gaofeng’s child appears less important than preserving the facade of order.

So all he has now are some pictures of his son, and the security camera footage showing Le Le, vanishing into the night.

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CNN article on Shanghai plane crash

http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/11/27/china.plane.crash/index.html

 

Beijing, China (CNN) — Three American crew members died when a Zimbabwean cargo plane crashed early Saturday at Shanghai’s Pudong International Airport, the U.S. Embassy in Beijing said.

The embassy said one of the injured crew members was also an American.

The crash happened at about 8:15 a.m. (7:15 p.m. ET Friday) during takeoff in Shanghai, according to the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board. The plane was destined for Harare, Zimbabwe, said the agency. The NTSB is sending an investigation team to site of the accident.

Four other people on the plane were seriously injured, and the cause of the crash is not yet known, the NTSB said.

Earlier, China’s official Xinhua news agency reported that the plane was on its way to Kyrgyzstan and caught fire on takeoff. Thick smoke was seen billowing from the crash site.

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